Canada Gazette
Ontario's first newspaper, the Upper Canada
Gazette, was an official government publication appearing in 1793.
All official commissions are still proclaimed in the 'Gazette'.
cede,
ceded,
ceding,
cedes
to surrender possession of, especially by treaty;
relinquish; to yield; grant
cessation
a bringing or coming to
an end; halt; stop; a ceasing (a cessation of hostilities); cease
Charlottetown Accord
agreement between the federal government
of Canada, the provincial and territorial governments and representatives
of Canada's
indigenous peoples
on a proposed reform of Trudeaus' non-Canadian.so-called.'constitution'
of 1982. The agreement dealt with issues concerning the
status
of the province of Québec, the self government of indigenous peoples
and the structure of Canada's Parliament. It was signed on August 28, 1992,
at Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island and was rejected by a majority of voters in a
referendum,
October 26, 1992.
The driving force behind the Charlottetown Accord
was the fact that the so-called
constitution of 1982 was not ratified
by the legislature of Québec, where French is the principal language
and French culture is dominant. Many citizens of Québec felt that
what was referred to as the constitution, did not adequately
consider the cultural differences between Québec and the rest of
Canada. A 1987 effort to address this issue had resulted in the.Meech
Lake Accord, which recognized Québec's special status
(her uniqueness {mostly french speaking}) and granted reforms that Québec
leaders had requested. However, despite support by Prime Minister Brian
Mulroney and many provincial leaders, the Meech Lake Accord was not ratified
by all provincial legislatures
in the span of three years, as required by rules. In addition, the 'special
status' for Quebec apart from other Provinces was struck
down by the Supreme Court as invalid..comprised
from Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved.
charter,
chartered,
chartering,
charters,
charterer
a written grant from the
sovereign
power of a country conferring certain rights and
privileges on a person, a corporation, or the people (example, a royal
charter was granted by Queen Elizabeth
to Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 to colonize
Newfoundland,
the first colony of England in North America); a document issued by a sovereign,
legislature, or other authority, creating a public or private corporation,
such as a city, college, or bank and defining its privileges and purposes;
a document outlining the principles, functions and organization of a corporate
body; a constitution (the city charter); an authorization from a central
organization to establish a local branch or chapter; special privilege
or immunity; a contract for the commercial leasing of a vessel or space
on a vessel; the hiring or leasing of an aircraft, a vessel, or other vehicle,
especially for the exclusive, temporary use of a group of travelers; a
written instrument given as evidence of agreement, transfer, or contract;
a deed; to grant a charter to; establish by charter; to hire or lease by
charter (charter an oil tanker); to hire (a bus or an airplane, for example)
for the exclusive, temporary use of a group of travelers
circa,ca,
c., C.
in approximately; about
(born circa 1900); era
collective
assembled or accumulated into a whole; of, relating
to, characteristic of, or made by a number of people acting as a group
(a collective decision); an undertaking, such as a business operation,
set up on the principle of ownership and control of the means of production
and distribution by the workers involved
compromise,
compromise,
compromised,
compromising,
compromises,
compromiser
a settlement of differences in which each side
makes
concessions; the result of
such a settlement; something that combines qualities or elements of different
things (the incongruous design is a compromise between high tech and early
American); to settle by concessions; to expose or make liable to danger,
suspicion or disrepute (an embassy that was compromised by hidden listening
devices);
to make a compromise; to promise mutually
con1
in opposition or disagreement;
against (debated the issue pro and con)
con
an argument or opinion against
something; one that holds an opposing opinion or view
con2,
conned,
conning,
cons,
conner
to study, peruse, or examine
carefully; to learn or commit to memory
con3
conned,
conning,
cons
to direct the steering or
course of (a vessel); the station or post of the person who steers a vessel;
the act or process of steering a vessel
con4
conned,
conning,
cons
to swindle (a victim) by
first winning his or her confidence; dupe
con.(con
job)
of, relating to, or involving
a swindle or a fraud (a con artist,.a
con job); short for confidence; a swindle
con5
a convict
concede
to yield as in argument; admit the truth of; acknowledge;
grant a concession
concession,
concessive,
concessionar
a conceding; granting;
giving in; yielding (a privilege granted)
concoct,
concocted,
concocting,
concocts,
concocter.or.concoctor,
concoction,
concoctive
devise, fabricate;
to prepare by combining raw materials, mixing ingredients; to devise, using
skill and intelligence; to prepare by as in cooking
confer,
conferred,
conferring,
confers,
conferrable,
conferment,
conferral,
conferrer
to apply use; bestow, an honor, for example (conferred
a medal on the hero; conferred an honorary degree on her); to invest with
a characteristic (a carefully worded statement that conferred an aura of
credibility onto the administration's actions); to meet in order to deliberate
together or compare views
congress,
congressional,
congressionally
the national legislative
body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives;
the two year session of this legislature between elections of the House
of Representatives; the national legislative body of a nation, especially
a republic; a formal assembly of
representatives, as of various nations, to discuss problems; the act of
coming together or meeting; a single meeting, as of a political party or
other group; sexual intercourse
connote,
connoted,
connoting
to imply as a logical connotation; to be associated
with or inseparable from as a consequence or concomitant (the remorse so
often connoted by guilt); to convey in addition to exact explicit meaning
(all the misery that poverty connotes)
connotation,
connotational
the suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from
the thing it explicitly names or describes; something suggested by a word
or thing; implication (the connotations of comfort that surrounded that
old chair); denotation
consensus
an opinion or position reached by a group as a
whole (the will of the people {the voters' consensus was that the measure
should be adopted}); general agreement or accord (government by consensus)
constituency,
constituencies
the body of voters represented by an elected legislator
or official; the district so represented; the residents of an electoral
district
constituent,
constituently
a resident of a district represented by an elected
official (the electorate or voting populace); authorized to make or amend
a constitution (a constituent assembly); necessary in the formation of
the whole; component
(a constituent element–empowered
to elect or designate) serving as part of a whole; one that authorizes
another to act as a representative; a constituent part; a component; element
constitute,
constituted,
constituting,
constitutes
constituter.or.constitutor,
constitution
to set up or establish according to law or provision
(a body that is duly constituted under
the
charter); to set up; establish;
form; compose; to form of elements, material, etc.; to be the elements
or parts of; compose (correct grammar and sentence structure do not in
themselves constitute good writing); to amount to; equal (an infraction
that constitutes a punishable offense); to found (an institution, for example);
to enact (a law or regulation); to appoint to an office, dignity, function,
or task;
designate
Political:.the
system of fundamental laws and principles that is.formulated
by those who will be affected by it, prescribing the nature, functions
and limits of a government.or another
institution; the document on which such a system is transmitted (such as
the Constitution of the United States for America (just below) or for other
examples);
the physical makeup of the individual comprising
inherited qualities (born with a strong constitution); the act or process
of composing, setting up, or establishing; the composition or structure
of something; makeup
constitutional,
constitutional,
constitutionally
of or relating to a legal constitution
(a constitutional
amendment) consistent
with, sanctioned by, or permissible
according to a legal constitution (the
legal right of free speech established in the constitution of the US);
established by or operating under a constitution (a constitutional government);
inherent;
of or relating to one's physical makeup
Constitution of the United
States for
America.(pic
of US)
A system of fundamental laws for the United States
for America, correctly set under the Articles
of Confederation, but switched in 1871 to be against the men and women
of the country in what
is now called the Constitution. Trump is now fixing it so that the
original 1776 Constitution is in effect and it'll be true that We
the People indeed are in charge. People
will then monitor the government they want and government must
enact the will of the people.
The first ten amendments of the Constitution were
called the Bill of Rights.
It
is.based upon.the
Articles of Confederation, which was the first constitution for the United
States.
The U.S.A. Constitution.provides
for a federal system, by the people in each state having granted to
the federal government certain powers for the exercise of the national
government, retaining severally the right
of Eminent Domain over the lands within the boundaries of their own
individual states.
The United States for America in its constitution
assured that no large state such as say California,
would be able to use its massive population base (majority rule) to override
concerns of say tiny Rhode Island.
That was one good part, where.all.states
have two senators and one governor.
The Constitution (picture of is below) was drawn
up by 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia during
the summer of 1787 and ratified by
the states in 1788..The
Constitution defines distinct powers for the Congress
of the United States, the president and the federal courts. This division
of authority is known as a system of checks and balances and it ensures
that none of the branches of government can dominate the others. The Constitution
also establishes and limits the authority of the federal government over
the states and spells out freedoms and liberties citizens of the U.S.A.
want for all...
Forces That Shaped The Constitution:
In 1774 the Parliament of Great Britain capped a series of abuses against
the American colonies by imposing a tax on tea imports to the colonies.
The colonies quickly agreed to convene
a Continental Congress, which in 1776 appointed two committees;.one
to draft the Declaration of Independence and the other to prepare a "form
of confederation" among the colonies.
In 1778 this second committee produced the Articles of Confederation. They
took effect in 1781 when Maryland, the last holdout state, ratified them.
The Articles
of Confederation,.the
first constitution of the United States, established
a league of friendship among the states, but not a political union. It
should have stayed that way..Each
state remained separate and.sovereign.(under
self rule). The central government consisted of a one chamber Congress,
in which.each
state had a single vote. Congress had few powers, lacking even the authority
to impose taxes. Any congressional action required the approval of 9 of
the 13 states. The government had no president
and no central court. But those surreptitious
individuals behind the creating of their document had other plans not to
the benefit of the men and women of the nation. In 1871 United States for
America was changed into a corporation and called The United States of
America, by those having nefarious
plans for its control and demise.
After numerous
votes settled the details, a committee on style and revision was assigned
in to put the final results in language to submit to the people for ratification.
Two political dignitaries
had great influence on the creation of the Constitution..John
Locke.(1632-1704),
an important British political philosopher, had a large impact through
his.Second
Treatise of Government (1690). Locke argued.that.sovereignty.resides
in individuals, not rulers. A political state, he described, comes
forth from a social contract among the people,
who consent to government in order to preserve their lives, liberties,
and property. In the words of.the
Declaration of Independence, which drew heavily on Locke,."governments
derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, and that a government's
existence can only be justified by its ability to protect the human rights
better than individuals could on their own".
The framers of the U.S.A.
Constitution put the Constitution above legislative power, indeed, above
all governmental powers. The Constitution,
particularly the Supremacy Clause of Article VI, establishes the "rule
of law," the idea that the.government
itself, including the president and Congress, must abide by the law the
individual states agreed that they would follows.
The Constitution had to
be.ratified.by
nine states before it could take effect.
The Constitution spells
out in six articles (sections) the powers of the federal government and
the states.(the
Constitution does not include the term
separation of powers).
The first three articles
establish the separation mechanism and mark out areas of responsibility
for each.branch.of
government (Forestry, Health, etc.). The Constitution.prevents
tyrannical abuses of authority.through
the separation of powers, where, each branch of government has its own
responsibilities and.cannot
take action.in
areas assigned to the other branches.
No member of Congress may
serve simultaneously as a member of the executive branch..This
separation.differs strikingly from the Canadian and British practice, in
which the prime minister and other executive officials are.also.members
of Parliament. comprised with Microsoft®
Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All
rights reserved.
The complete cabal created
United States Inc. Constitution and its Amendments,
shoving out of the way the true 1776 Constitutional laws based on the true
and only God.
Replaced in 1781 by the cabal
and amended by the cabal in 1787]{1}, which is the cabal's designed constitution.
We the People
of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish
Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote
the general Welfare and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United
States of America.
Article I
Section 1--All legislative
Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States,
which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
Section 2--1 The House of
Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by
the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall
have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch
of the State Legislature.
2 No person shall be a Representative
who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years and been seven
Years a Citizen of the United States and who shall not, when elected, be
an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
And then we have this in Section 3 because the constitution was the
rules and regulations for bankruptcy.
3 [Representatives and direct
Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included
within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be
determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those
bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed,
three fifths of all other Persons.]{2} The actual Enumeration shall be
made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the
United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner
as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed
one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative;
and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall
be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence
Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania
eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South
Carolina five, and Georgia three.
4 When vacancies happen in
the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall
issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
5 The House of Representatives
shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers and shall have the sole Power
of Impeachment.
Section 3--1 The Senate of
the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, [chosen
by the Legislature thereof,]{3} for six Years; and each Senator shall have
one Vote.
2 Immediately after they
shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be
divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators
of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year,
of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third
Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen
every second Year; [and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise,
during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof
may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature,
which shall then fill such Vacancies].{4}
3 No Person shall be a Senator
who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years and been nine Years
a Citizen of the United States and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant
of that State for which he shall be chosen.
4 The Vice President of the
United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote,
unless they be equally divided.
5 The Senate shall chuse
their other Officers and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of
the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of
the United States.
6 The Senate shall have the
sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they
shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States
is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted
without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
7 Judgment in Cases of Impeachment
shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification
to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United
States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject
to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
Section 4--1 The Times, Places
and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall
be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress
may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the
Places of chusing Senators.
2 The Congress shall assemble
at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall [be on the first Monday
in December,]{5} unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.
Section 5--1 Each House shall
be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members,
and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a
smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel
the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties
as each House may provide.
2 Each House may determine
the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour,
and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
3 Each House shall keep a
Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting
such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays
of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of
one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.
4 Neither House, during the
Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for
more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two
Houses shall be sitting.
Section 6--1 The Senators
and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to
be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.
They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace,
be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their
respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for
any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any
other Place.
2 No Senator or Representative
shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil
Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been
created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such
time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be
a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
Section 7--1 All Bills for
raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the
Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
2 Every Bill which shall
have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before
it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If
he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections
to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections
at large on their Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration
two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent,
together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise
be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall
become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined
by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the
Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any
Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted)
after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in
like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment
prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
3 Every Order, Resolution
or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives
may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented
to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect,
shall be approved by him or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed
by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to
the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
Section 8--1 The Congress
shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises,
to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare
of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform
throughout the United States;
2 To borrow Money on the
credit of the United States;
3 To regulate Commerce with
foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
4 To establish a uniform
Rule of Naturalization and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies
throughout the United States;
5 To coin Money, regulate
the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights
and Measures;
6 To provide for the Punishment
of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;
7 To establish Post Offices
and post Roads;
8 To promote the Progress
of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and
Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;
9 To constitute Tribunals
inferior to the supreme Court;
10 To define and punish Piracies
and Felonies committed on the high Seas and Offences against the Law of
Nations;
11 To declare War, grant
Letters of Marque and Reprisal and make Rules concerning Captures on Land
and Water;
12 To raise and support Armies,
but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than
two Years;
13 To provide and maintain
a Navy;
14 To make Rules for the
Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
15 To
provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union,
suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
16 To provide for organizing,
arming and disciplining, the Militia and for governing such Part of them
as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the
States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers and the Authority
of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
17 To exercise exclusive
Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding
ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States and the Acceptance
of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States and
to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of
the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection
of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards and other needful Buildings;--And
18 To make all Laws which
shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing
Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government
of the United States or in any Department or Officer thereof.
Section 9--1 The Migration
or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall
think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to
the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be
imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
2 The Privilege of the Writ
of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion
or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
3 No Bill of Attainder or
ex post facto Law shall be passed.
4 No Capitation or other
direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration
herein before directed to be taken.{6}
5 No Tax or Duty shall be
laid on Articles exported from any State.
6 No Preference shall be
given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State
over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State,
be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
7 No Money shall be drawn
from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and
a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all
public Money shall be published from time to time.
8 No Title of Nobility shall
be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit
or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept
of any present, Emolument, Office or Title, of any kind whatever, from
any King, Prince or foreign State.
Section 10--1 No State shall
enter into any Treaty, Alliance or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque
and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold
and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder,
ex post facto Law or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts or grant
any Title of Nobility.
2 No State shall, without
the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports,
except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws:
and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports
or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States;
and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the
Congress.
3 No State shall, without
the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops or Ships
of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another
State or with a foreign Power or engage in War, unless actually invaded
or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
Article II
Section I--1 The executive
Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He
shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with
the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows
2 Each State shall appoint,
in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors,
equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the
State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative,
or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States,
shall be appointed an Elector.
[The Electors shall meet
in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom
one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves.
And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number
of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit
sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to
the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the
Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates,
and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number
of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole
Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such
Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives
shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no
Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said
House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President,
the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State
having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or
Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States
shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the
President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors
shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who
have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.]{7}
3 The Congress may determine
the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give
their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
4 No Person except a natural
born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption
of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither
shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained
to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within
the United States.
5 In Case of the Removal
of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation or Inability
to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office,{8} the Same shall
devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for
the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President
and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President,
and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed
or a President shall be elected.
6 The President shall, at
stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither
be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been
elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument
from the United States, or any of them.
7 Before he enter on the
Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I
do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will
faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States and will
to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution
of the United States."
Section 2--1 The President
shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States,
and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service
of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal
Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating
to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant
Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in
Cases of Impeachment.
2 He shall have Power, by
and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided
two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by
and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors,
other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all
other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein
otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the
Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as
they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in
the Heads of Departments.
3 The President shall have
Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the
Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their
next Session.
Section 3--He shall from
time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,
and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary
and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses,
or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect
to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall
think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers;
he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission
all the Officers of the United States.
Section 4-- The
President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States,
shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for and Conviction of Treason,
Bribery or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
Article III
Section 1-- The judicial
Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in
such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices
during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services,
a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance
in Office.
Section 2--1 The judicial
Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this
Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which
shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors,
other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime
Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--to
Controversies between two or more States;--between a State and Citizens
of another State;{9}--between Citizens of different States,--between Citizens
of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and
between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens
or Subjects.
2 In all Cases affecting
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State
shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In
all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate
Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under
such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
3 The
Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury;
and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have
been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall
be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
Section 3--1 Treason against
the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in
adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall
be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the
same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.
2 The Congress shall have
Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason
shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of
the Person attainted.
Article IV
Section 1-- Full Faith and
Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records and judicial
Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws
prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall
be proved and the Effect thereof.
Section 2--1 The
Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities
of Citizens in the several States.
2 A Person charged in any
State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice,
and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority
of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the
State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
3 [No Person held to Service
or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another,
shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from
such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party
to whom such Service or Labour may be due.]{10}
Section 3--1 New States may
be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be
formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State
be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without
the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the
Congress.
2 The Congress shall have
Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting
the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing
in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of
the United States, or of any particular State.
Section 4-- The United States
shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government,
and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of
the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened)
against domestic Violence.
Article V
The Congress, whenever two
thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments
to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two
thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments,
which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part
of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths
of the several States or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the
one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
Provided [that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand
eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth
Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and]{11} that no State,
without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
Article VI
1 All Debts contracted and
Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall
be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under
the Confederation.
2 This
Constitution and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance
thereof; and all Treaties made or which shall be made, under the Authority
of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges
in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or
Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
3 The Senators and Representatives
before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and
all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the
several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this
Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification
to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
Article VII
The Ratification of the Conventions
of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution
between the States so ratifying the Same.
Done in Convention by the
Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September
in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and
of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth
IN WITNESS whereof We have
hereunto subscribed our Names,
Go. WASHINGTON--
Presidt. and deputy from
Virginia
New Hampshire
John Langdon
Nicholas Gilman
Massachusetts
Nathaniel Gorham
Rufus King
Connecticut
Wm. Saml. Johnson
Roger Sherman
New York
Alexander Hamilton
New Jersey
Wil: Livingston
David Brearley
Wm. Paterson
Jona: Dayton
Pennsylvania
B Franklin
Thomas Mifflin
Robt Morris
Geo. Clymer
Thos. FitzSimons
Jared Ingersoll
James Wilson
Gouv Morris
Delaware
Geo: Read
Gunning Bedford jun
John Dickinson
Richard Bassett
Jaco: Broom
Maryland
James McHenry
Dan of St Thos. Jenifer
Danl Carroll
Virginia
John Blair--
James Madison Jr.
North Carolina
Wm. Blount
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight
Hu Williamson
South Carolina
J. Rutledge
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
Charles Pinckney
Pierce Butler
Georgia
William Few
Abr Baldwin
Attest:
William Jackson, Secretary
Articles in addition to and
amendment of, The Constitution of the United States of America, proposed
by Congress and ratified by the legislatures of the several states pursuant
to the fifth article of the original Constitution.
The first 10 amendments
to the Constitution were proposed by the Congress on Sept. 25, 1789. They
were ratified by the following states, and the notifications of the ratification
by the governors thereof were successively communicated by the President
to the Congress: New Jersey, Nov. 20, 1789; Maryland, Dec. 19, 1789; North
Carolina, Dec. 22, 1789; South Carolina, Jan. 19, 1790; New Hampshire,
Jan. 25, 1790; Delaware, Jan. 28, 1790; New York, Feb. 4, 1790; Pennsylvania,
March 10, 1790; Rhode Island, June 7, 1790; Vermont, Nov. 3, 1791; and
Virginia, Dec. 15, 1791. Ratification was completed on Dec. 15, 1791.
The amendments were subsequently
ratified by Massachusetts, March 2, 1939; Georgia, March 18, 1939; and
Connecticut, April 19, 1939.
Two other amendments were
concurrently proposed in 1789. One failed of ratification. The other (Amendment
XXVII) was not ratified until May 7, 1992, when the Michigan legislature
gave it the required number of state approvals.
Amendment [I]{12} Congress
shall
make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press
or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government
for a redress of grievances.
Amendment [II] A well regulated
Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the
right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment [III] No Soldier
shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent
of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment [IV] The
right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects,
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated and no
Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation
and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized.
Amendment [V] No person shall
be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on
a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in
the land or naval forces or in the Militia, when in actual service in time
of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence
to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in
any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life,
liberty or property, without due process of law; nor
shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.
Amendment [VI] In all criminal
prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public
trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime
shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained
by law and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to
be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process
for obtaining Witnesses in his favor and to have the assistance of counsel
for his defence.
Amendment [VII] In Suits
at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars,
the
right of trial by jury shall be preserved and no fact tried by a jury,
shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according
to the rules of the common law.
Amendment [VIII] Excessive
bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and
unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment [IX] The
enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed
to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Amendment [X] The
powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited
by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively or to the
people.
Amendment [XI] [1795] The
Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to
any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United
States by Citizens of another State or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign
State.
Amendment [XII] [1804] The
electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President
and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of
the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person
voted for as President and in distinct ballots the person voted for as
Vice President and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted
for as President and of all persons voted for as Vice President and of
the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify and
transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed
to the President of the Senate;--The President of the Senate shall, in
the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates
and the votes shall then be counted;--The person having the greatest number
of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority
of the whole number of Electors appointed and if no person have such majority,
then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on
the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives
shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the
President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from
each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of
a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all
the states shall be necessary to a choice. [And if the House of Representatives
shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve
upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice
President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the President.]{13} The person having the
greatest number of votes as Vice President, shall be the Vice President,
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed,
and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on
the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the
purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and
a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person
constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible
to that of Vice President of the United States.
Amendment XIII [1865] Section
1--Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to
their jurisdiction. (learn about the words
used that mean one thing to you and another to them; how they trick you;
on the ever so many tricks, see David
Straight)
Section 2--Congress shall
have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XIV [1868] Section
1--All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to
the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the
State wherein they reside. No State shall
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities
of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person
of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any
person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2--Representatives
shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective
numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding
Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice
of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives
in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members
of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of
such State, being twenty-one years of age,{14} and citizens of the United
States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion,
or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in
the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the
whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
Section 3--No person shall
be a Senator or Representative in Congress or elector of President and
Vice President or hold any office, civil or military, under the United
States or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member
of Congress or as an officer of the United States or as a member of any
State legislature or as an executive or judicial officer of any State,
to support the Constitution of the United States, shall
have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same or given aid
or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress
may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
Section 4--The validity of
the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing
insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United
States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred
in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim
for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations
and claims shall be held illegal and void.
Section 5--The Congress shall
have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this
article.
Amendment XV [1870] Section
1--The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color,
or previous condition of servitude.
Section 2--The Congress shall
have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XVI [1913] The
Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever
source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without
regard to any census or enumeration.
Amendment [XVII] [1913] The
Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall
have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in
the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority
of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided,
That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to
make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election
as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not
be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen
before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
Amendment [XVIII] [1919]{15}
Section 1--After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture,
sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation
thereof into or the exportation thereof from the United States and all
territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is
hereby prohibited.
Section 2--The Congress and
the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article
by appropriate legislation.
Section 3--This article shall
be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the
Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in
the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof
to the States by the Congress.
Amendment [XIX] [1920] The
right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power
to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment [XX] [1933] Section
1--The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the
20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon
on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended
if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors
shall then begin.
Section 2--The Congress shall
assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon
on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different
day.
Section 3--{16}If, at the
time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President
elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President.
If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the
beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify,
then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President
shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case
wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have
qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in
which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly
until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.
Section 4--The Congress may
by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom
the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right
of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death
of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President
whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.
Section 5--Sections 1 and
2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification
of this article.
Section 6--This article shall
be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the
Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States
within seven years from the date of its submission.
Amendment [XXI] [1933] Section
1--The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United
States is hereby repealed.
Section 2--The transportation
or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States
for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the
laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
Section 3--This article shall
be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the
Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution,
within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States
by the Congress.
Amendment [XXII] [1951] Section
1--No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than
twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as
President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person
was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more
than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office
of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall
not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting
as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative
from holding the office of President or acting as President during the
remainder of such term.
Section 2--This article shall
be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the
Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States
within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the
Congress.
Amendment [XXIII] [1961]
Section 1--The District constituting the seat of Government of the United
States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President
and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives
in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State,
but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition
to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the
purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors
appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such
duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.
Section 2--The Congress shall
have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment [XXIV] [1964] Section
1--The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or
other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President
or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of
failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
Section 2--The Congress shall
have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment [XXV] [1967] Section
1--In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death
or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
Section 2--Whenever there
is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate
a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority
vote of both Houses of Congress.
Section 3--Whenever the President
transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of
the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable
to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits
to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall
be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.
Section 4--Whenever the Vice
President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive
departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit
to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House
of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable
to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall
immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President
transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of
the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability
exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the
Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive
department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit
within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker
of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President
is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress
shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose
if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt
of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within
twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds
vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers
and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge
the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the
powers and duties of his office.
Amendment [XXVI] [1971] Section
1--The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of
age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States
or by any State on account of age.
Section 2--The Congress shall
have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment [XXVII] [1992]
No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives,
shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.
Notes
{1} This text of the Constitution
follows the engrossed copy signed by General Washington and the deputies
from 12 states. The superior number preceding the paragraphs designates
the number of the clause; it was not in the original.
{2} The part included in
brackets was changed by section 2 of the 14th amendment.
{3} The part included in
brackets was changed by section 1 of the 17th amendment.
{4} The part included in
brackets was changed by clause 2 of the 17th amendment.
{5} The part included in
brackets was changed by section 2 of the 20th amendment.
{6} See also the 16th amendment.
{7} This paragraph has been
superseded by the 12th amendment.
{8} This provision has been
affected by the 25th amendment.
{9} This clause has been
affected by the 11th amendment.
{10} This paragraph has been
superseded by the 13th amendment.
{11} Obsolete.
{12} Only Amendments XIII,
XIV, XV, and XVI had numbers assigned to them at the time of ratification.
{13} The part included in
brackets has been superseded by section 3 of Amendment XX.
{14} See Amendment XXVI.
{15} Repealed by section
1 of Amendment XXI.
{16} See Amendment XXV.
contrive,
contrived,
contriving,
contriver,
contrived,
contrivance,
contrivable
devise, plan (contrive ways
of handling the situation) to form or create in an artistic or ingenious
manner (contrived household utensils from stone); to bring about; to devise,
plan, invent (they have contrived an automatic dishwasher); to bring about
by stratagem or with difficulty ; to make schemes;
artificial, labored; that can be contrived
convene,
convened,
convening,
convenes,
convenable,
convener.or.convenor
to come together usually
for an official or public purpose; assemble formally; to cause to come
together formally; convoke (convene a special session of Congress); call;
to summon to appear
convention
a practice or procedure widely practiced, valid
or invalid; a widely used device or
technique; general acceptance of certain practices or attitudes (by convention,
north is at the top of most maps); a formal meeting of members, representatives
or delegates, as of a political party, fraternal society, profession or
industry; the body of individuals attending such an assembly (she called
the convention to order); an agreement between states, sides or military
forces, especially an international agreement dealing with a specific subject,
such as the treatment of prisoners of war
Corporation Sole
another name for an English Sovereign,
a name used under the feudal system
for one who possessed title to all
lands. His will was absolute. He was.the.law.
Up till December 11, 1931, Canada
was ruled by a Corporate Sole, called a Governor General.(*).
A corporation sole position is one that is so old that what is called a
corporate sole is grandfathered
corroborate,
corroborated,
corroborating,
corroboration,
corroborator,
corroborative,
corroboratory
to support with evidence or authority; make more
certain;
confirm
comprise, comprised,
comprising,
comprises
to include.especially
within a particular.scope;
to compose; to be made up of
(a
vast installation comprising
fifty buildings; he comprised his life helping those in need); put together
from;
constitute.(what
are the terms which constitute this agreement?)
comprisable
.
I n d e x o f
s i t e
.